What is Missing Middle Housing?

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Missing Middle Housing (MMH) refers to a range of context-appropriate ‘house-scale’ multifamily building types compatible with typical single-family residential neighborhoods. These housing types provide a way to introduce more housing gently and incrementally without drastically altering neighborhood character.

What can MMH Do?

  • Increase housing choices
  • Promote local homeownership
  • Support aging in place
  • Expand housing access
  • Strengthen and diversify local economic opportunities
  • Build stronger communities
  • Improve air quality and water use through compact development
  • Encourage walking, biking, and healthier lifestyles

Download the Missing Middle Housing basic information guide.

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Where Does MMH Work Best?

Conditions that make MMH a viable housing solution—such as intensity, activity level, and scale—differ from place to place and result in different levels of suitability for MMH. Understanding MMH-Friendly Neighborhoods and MMH Building Types. The resources within this Toolkit are intended to help individual agencies identify the MMH concepts and resources that can work best in and for their individual communities.

MMH-Friendly Neighborhoods

MMH belongs in communities and neighborhoods of all sizes and types, but is most effective where there is: 1) good street connectivity (i.e., a grid pattern with smaller block sizes); 2) a variety of transportation choices (e.g., walking, biking, transit); and 3) a range of nearby destinations (e.g., shopping, jobs, schools, parks, community services, etc.). These locations are typically gathering places such as downtowns, main streets, and other 'activity nodes' where residents come together for business, shopping, entertainment, and community events.

Adding MMH in such locations is good for cities and residents because it takes advantage of existing underutilized infrastructure, expands mobility options, and reduces the combined cost of housing + transportation. In less than ideal locations, cities may encourage additional MMH options through strategic policy changes (e.g., land use and parking regulations); programmatic support (e.g., pre-approved designs, incentives, educational materials, etc.); and infrastructure improvements (e.g., upgrades to pedestrian and bicycling infrastructure, improved connectivity, etc.).

Further detail on MMH building types and guidance for locating MMH is provided below.

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MMH Building Types

MMH is not a new building concept. It is a range of house-scale building types that exist in cities and towns across Utah. These types were a fundamental part of pre-1940s neighborhoods in the United States, and many examples exist in Utah today.

The graphic below highlights several form characteristics of MMH types, which can be regulated through zoning and/or other applicable standards. Utah MMH Toolkit Document Resources, including Site Design Guidelines and Opportunity Sites, can further help local agencies address MMH in their communities.

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House-scale Height
Multiple Units Per Building
House-scale Building Footprint
Parking Screened from the Sidewalk
Shared Open Space
Lot Width Fits in Existing Neighborhoods
Frontages, such as Porches and Stoops
The following graphics illustrate the different MMH Building Types and the community scales at which they typically work best:
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ADU

1-2 units

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Duplex

2 units

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Cottage Court

3-10 units

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Triplex/
Fourplex

3-4 units

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Multiplex Medium

5-10 units

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Courtyard Medium

6-16 units

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Townhouse Medium

3-5 in a run

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Townhouse Large

4-8 in a run

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Multiplex Large

6-18 units

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Courtyard Large

16-28 units

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ADU

1-2 units

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Duplex

2 units

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Cottage Court

3-10 units

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Triplex/
Fourplex

3-4 units

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Multiplex Medium

5-10 units

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Courtyard Medium

6-16 units

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Townhouse Medium

3-5 in a run

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Multiplex Large

6-18 units

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Courtyard Large

16-28 units

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Townhouse Large

4-8 in a run

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MMH and the Wasatch Choice Vision

This MMH Toolkit is designed and intended for cities and towns across the entire State of Utah.  Along the Wasatch Front and Wasatch Back, the MMH Toolkit is also designed to complement the Wasatch Choice Vision a shared framework for growth that emphasizes transportation choice, housing options, and access to city and town centers.  Because the Wasatch Choice Vision is rooted in local land use plans and supported by regional and state agenciesit serves as an effective starting point for cities and towns seeking to add MMH options within their community.  The Wasatch Choice Vision features four types of centers - neighborhood, city, urban, and metropolitan.  Within each type of center, a range of MMH types is recommended, though this may be customized to address the unique local context and setting. 

Learn about the Wasatch Choice Vision and how it links with Missing Middle Housing in Utah.

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